What makes people act on a changing climate

The Centre of Excellence for Climate and Societal Changes (CECSC) researches how people have responded to climate change over time, and what we can learn from those experiences in order to understand behaviour today. The project brings together six institutions from Romania and perspectives from nine disciplines around one shared question: what makes people act?

11,700 years of record, and the century ahead

The Centre studies how communities met rapid climate change across the Holocene, alongside instrumental records and climate projections to the end of this century.

  1. Holocene record11,700 years agoThe Holocene begins, the period the Centre's archaeological and paleoclimate record covers.
  2. About 8,200 years agoA rapid cooling event, one of the abrupt shifts the Lower Danube record spans.
  3. 6200 to 3500 cal BCAnimal economy of Lower Danube communities, studied at the Institute of Archaeology.
  4. About 4,200 years agoA widespread drying event, another abrupt change set against the archaeological record.
  5. Instrumental record and projectionsInterwar yearsField recordings for the Romanian Linguistic Atlas: more than 500 phonograms, now held in Cluj-Napoca.
  6. Today to 2100Impact of heatwaves and convective storms to the end of the century.

The colour palette follows the CECSC stripes: cool colours for the distant past and warm colours for the present and projections. The colours do not indicate a temperature scale.The time axis has a break at 150 years before present, to allow a clear representation of the last century and a half.

CECSC takes a longer view.

Research on climate mitigation and behaviour has usually looked at the habits of individuals in the present.

Europe is warming about twice as fast as the global average — faster than any other continent (WMO, 2023).

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2022) shows that climate change has already pushed some ecosystems past critical thresholds, where change becomes abrupt and, in some cases, irreversible. Limiting global warming to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels requires both technological solutions and changes in how individuals, communities, industry, and governments act.

Human communities have faced rapid climate change in the past as well. Archaeological sites, bioarchaeological collections, linguistic archives, and paleoclimate proxies across Romania hold the evidence of those changes and of how people responded. Read together, through the lens of contemporary climate science and psychology, that evidence helps us better understand what leads people to adopt behaviour that protects the environment.

Human behaviour was at the core of past societal change.It is also the variable that decides whether mitigation works.

Research directions

Three directions work on one question, each covering a different time perspective.

History and Culture

From the start of the Holocene, in the Lower Danube basin

Long-term evaluation of how human populations responded to climate change, using eco-archaeology, bioarchaeology, social history, ecolinguistics, and ethnology across the Lower Danube basin.

Read about History and Culture

Climatic Impact

The last 10,000 years, the last 150 years, and projections to 2100

Observational data, paleoclimate reconstructions, and high-resolution climate simulations, combined to link past and present climate with societal change.

Read about Climatic Impact

Human Behaviour

Applied to behaviour today and in the decades ahead

Past adaptability used to strengthen pro-environmental behaviour today, through tools that measure the determinants of climate-related behavioural change.

Read about Human Behaviour

Nine disciplines

The Centre brings researchers from these fields to work on the same question.

  • Geology
  • History
  • Archaeology
  • Mathematics
  • Linguistics
  • Geography
  • Physics
  • Psychology
  • Ethnology

No comparable facility exists in Romania or in neighbouring countries.

That is the isotope and geochemical laboratory the Centre is building at the University of Bucharest. Alongside it, the Centre is equipping laboratories across the consortium.

Who the results are for

The research is designed to reach people outside academia.

Who can use them

  • Decision-makers and public authorities
  • Education professionals
  • Local government agencies
  • Climate assessment organisations
  • Small communities working to reduce their own climate footprint

What the Centre will deliver

  • A policy guideline on pro-environmental behaviour
  • A guide promoting green solutions for small communities
  • An adaptation and intervention strategy guide for urban heat
  • A short cognitive behavioural therapy protocol for change at household level

Impact

Cognitive impact

  • A climate-and-society record for the peri-Carpathian region across 11,700 years, at a resolution that does not currently exist
  • AMOC's two modes of variability separated, and their effect on Romania quantified
  • Convection-permitting simulations of storms in a warmer climate
  • Romania's first next-generation isotope and geochemistry laboratory, open to other groups
  • Measured evidence on the psychological determinants of climate behaviour

Socio-economic impact

  • Policy guidance on pro-environmental behaviour and on integrating climate history into environmental policy
  • Adaptation guidance for urban heat and for small communities
  • Evidence on heatwaves and their impact on health
  • New postdoctoral and PhD positions
  • The Climate Change Education Toolkit

Work packages

  1. WP1

    Project Management and Administration

    Coordinated by Bogdan Antonescu

    Administration, finance, risk and ethics.

  2. WP2

    Next generation geochemistry and isotope laboratory

    Coordinated by Mihai Ducea

    Builds the Clean Laboratory and the Geochemical Laboratory at the Faculty of Geology and Geophysics, then integrates them with the existing Petrochronology and Stable Isotope facilities at University of Bucharest.

  3. WP3

    Integrated diachronic analysis of social-ecological systems and patterns of environmental adaptation

    Coordinated by Mihai Constantinescu

    Reconstructs lifestyle, diet, mobility, land use, and settlement strategy across the Holocene in the Lower Danube basin.

  4. WP4

    Linking past and present climatic impact with societal changes

    Coordinated by Mihai Dima

    A paleoenvironmental database for Romania covering the last 20,000 years, the climatic footprint of the two modes of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, convection-permitting simulations up to 2100, and the impact of heatwaves and severe storms.

  5. WP5

    Cross-cutting integrative approach to climate change behavioural response

    Coordinated by Eugen Avram

    Adapts the Impact Chain model to historical adaptation data, collects Traditional Ecological Knowledge, designs a psychometric instrument, runs experiments driven by artificial intelligence, and tests a short Cognitive Behavioural Therapy protocol with immersive virtual reality.

  6. WP6

    Dissemination, communication, and engagement

    Coordinated by Bogdan Antonescu

    The website and social media, two international conferences, public seminars and videos, a network of climate change ambassadors, and the Climate Change Education Toolkit.

Consortium

Coordinated by the University of Bucharest.

  • University of Bucharest

    Coordinator (UB)

    Research teams from the Faculties of Physics, Geology and Geophysics, History, Mathematics and Computer Science, Psychology and Education Sciences, and Letters.

  • “Horia Hulubei” National Institute for Research and Development in Physics and Nuclear Engineering

    Partner 1 (IFIN-HH)

    Applied Nuclear Physics, Life and Environmental Sciences, and Nuclear Physics departments. Radiocarbon dating, accelerator mass spectrometry, ion beam analysis, X-ray computed tomography.

  • “Vasile Pârvan” Institute of Archaeology

    Partner 2 (IAVP)

    Bioarchaeology department with its Anthropology, Zooarchaeology, and Palaeovegetation laboratories.

  • National Institute for Earth Physics

    Partner 3 (INCDFP)

    Applied Geophysics, Prevention and Education Laboratory (GeoEduLab). Diachronic spatial mapping of social-ecological systems, geophysical and unmanned aerial vehicle survey.

  • Babeș-Bolyai University

    Partner 4 (UBB)

    Geography, urban planning, psychology, informatics. High-resolution numerical modelling and pro-environmental behaviour change studies.

  • Romanian Academy, Cluj-Napoca Branch

    Partner 5 (ARFCN)

    “Sextil Pușcariu” Institute of Linguistics and Literary History and “George Barițiu” Institute of History. Eco-linguistics and historical analysis.

The project

Programme
PNCDI IV · Programme 5.6 Challenges, Subprogramme 5.6.1 Partnerships for the Strategic Agenda
Competition
PN-IV-PRO-CoEx-2024-1
Contract
PN-IV-P6-6.1-CoEx-2024-0042
Funding
85,759,986 lei
Duration
2 June 2026 – 31 December 2030
Host institution
University of Bucharest